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CPA注册会计师
 
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问题汇总
本帖最后由 caiwade 于 2015-3-17 12:19 编辑
Circular 230 Disclaimer: To ensure compliance with requirements imposed by the IRS, any U.S. tax advice contained in this communication is not intended or written to be used, and cannot be used, for the purpose of (i) avoiding penalties under the Internal Revenue Code, or (ii) promoting, marketing or recommending to another party any matters addressed herein. This advice has been prepared based on my understanding of the tax law in effect at the time it was written as it applies to the facts that you provided. Any change or addition to those facts could materially and adversely affect the analysis and conclusions, and in that event, the analysis should not be relied upon.
感觉大家问的都是很常见的问题,为了方便大家方便自己,特此把问题汇总,就不一一回复了。
最常用的publication:
17 Your Federal Income Tax For Individuals,http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p17.pdf
519 U.S. Tax Guide for Aliens,http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p519.pdf
Instructions for Form 1040NR,http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/i1040nr.pdf
Form 8843,http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f8843.pdf
怎么报税?
找会计师,用软件,自己填,费用逐渐减少,但是脑细胞一个比一个死的多~要用的表格网上都有,resident报1040,1040A,1040EZ,nonresident报1040NR,1040NR-EZ,还有各种辅助的form、schedule、worksheet、statement。公司也应该给你出W2或1099收入证明,还有各种费用的证明,不是一句两句可以说清的,如果想省钱靠自己需要多做点研究,多读publication。
请注意这里说的都是联邦政府层面,居住的州也要报税!各个州的规定不一样!请自行查询。
F,J签证没有收入到底需不需要报税?
不需要做1040nr这些税单,但是有一个Form 8843,一定要填寄出去就好了。
我是resident还是nonresident?
基本方法是Green Card test和substantial presence test,详见pub 519 page 3。对于我们大多数学生来说,主要是看自己是否满足substantial presence test。
一般来说F签证在前五年的天数是不计入的,所以都不会满足substantial presence test,所以都按nonresident报。
H1B转换那年如果从十月一号开始算其实是不够183天的,但是存在一个first year choice,下一年满足test的话前一年也可以报Dual-Status Aliens,(详见http://www.moonbbs.com/thread-668049-1-1.html)这里面也提到Nonresident Spouse Treated as a Resident。(我自己质疑了,近日更新)
Treaty可不可以用?
传送门~http://www.moonbbs.com/thread-719906-1-1.html
没有保险要交罚款吗?
Affordable Care Act褒贬参半,其中没有保险罚款更是让人郁闷。如果你没有保险,不要急,看看自己到底在tax law里符合不符合那两个test,如果不符合,nonresident是不需要交罚款的。参见这里http://www.nafsa.org/Find_Resources/Supporting_International_Students_And_Scholars/ISS_Issues/The_Affordable_Care_Act_And_Nonimmigrant_Students_and_Scholars/
需要交FICA(social security tax and medicare tax)或者self-employment tax吗?
未成为resident alien就不需要,F1五年以后成为resident就要交。在此统一更正一下,虽然存在一个student fica exemption,成为resident也不需要交,但那个是指service performed by students employed by a school, college or university where the student is pursuing a course of study。
奖学金需要缴税吗?
需要满足一定条件就不用缴税,见pub 519 page 16。
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